Urban Thermal Environment Planning of Yunyang County Assisted with the Computer Simulation

With the computer simulation of the thermal environment in the Yunyang County,combined with the data of measurement on the spot,the thermal environment of the actual state is analyzed,and some advice to urban planning are given from the viewpoint of outdoor thermal environment.It is proven that the computer simulation is an advantageous means to help the analysis of the thermal environment in urban planning.     

Reconsideration of "Theory of Figure -Ground Relation"

In this paper,the basic feature of the theory of "figure-ground relation" is sought through preliminary introduction of the theory and contrastive analysis on spaces of traditional cities and current cities.At the same time,the authors point out the reality of misapprehension and misapplication of "figure-ground relation" to the theory and practice of current urban design.In conclusion,the adaptability of the theory of "figure-ground relation" to current urban design is preliminarily discussed by combining the basic feature of the theory with concrete cases.     

Assessing and Managing Soil Quality for Urban Agriculture in a Degraded Vacant Lot Soil

Following the decline of industrial manufacturing, many US cities have experienced severe population reductions that have resulted in large areas of vacant land. Urban agriculture has emerged as a desirable land use for these spaces, but degraded soils are common. Therefore, we measured soil and plant responses to amendments and management in urban lots where vacant houses had recently been demolished in Youngstown, OH, USA. Soil degradation was observed following demolition activities in the form of compaction (bulk density of 1·5–1·8 Mg m⁻³) and low soil microbial biomass C (21 mg C kg⁻¹ soil). Our split‐plot experiment measured the effects of organic matter (OM) amendments produced from yard wastes and the use of raised beds on soil properties and vegetable crop yields. Two years after their application, OM amendments resulted in significant improvement to a number of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Vegetable crop yields were improved by OM amendments in 2011 and by both OM amendments and the use of raised beds in 2012. A soil quality index, developed using factor analysis and the Soil Management Assessment Framework, produced values ranging from 0·60 to 0·85, which are comparable to those reported for rural agricultural soils. All results indicate that urban agriculture can be productive in vacant urban land and that amendments produced from urban yard wastes can improve soil quality at previously degraded sites and increase crop yields for urban agriculture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市林业生态建设与发展浅议

为了使城市林业生态建设与发展达到系统化和各具特色,充分发挥城市林业生态建设的生态、经济、社会效益,通过城市林业生态建设与园林的关系,分析探索了城市林业生态建设的发展方向和其发挥的主要效益,提出了加强城市中多功能、多效益的林业生态系统建设,是建设现代化新型城市的重要组成部分。     

昆明城市绿化中草本花卉多样性的现状与分析

就昆明市城市绿化中草本花卉的多样性进行了实地调查.调查结果表明:在调查的76处公共绿地、专用绿地和道路绿地中,所用草本花卉共32科62属73种、公共绿地应用种类较多、其次是专用绿地,道路绿地用得较少.从物种组成及丰富度、花色、观赏部位、生活型、适生环境、观赏季节、应用形式等方面对昆明城市绿化中草本花卉多样性的调查结果进行了分析,并针对存在的问题提出了改进建议.     

16种城市绿化树种叶片中铁锰铜锌元素的含量特征

于2003年对昆明、思茅、丽江3市不同程度污染地段、不同季节16个绿化树种叶片中的铁、锰、铜、锌4种重金属元素的含量进行了测定。依据其结果进行分析,此16个城市绿化树种对Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn 4种重金属元素的吸收能力不同,叶片中Fe含量最高的树种是冬樱花;叶片中Mn含量最高的树种是咕山含笑;叶片中Cu含量最高的树种是冬樱花;叶片中Zn含量最高的树种是咕山含笑。4种元素总含量最高的树种是咕山含笑,为1 125.64 mg/kg;最低的是栾树,为324.05 mg/kg,相差达3.47倍。叶片中Fe和Cu含量的相关性达到极显著的水平,其他元素之间相关性均不显著。在石楠、麻栗坡含笑、滇润楠、天竺桂、云南拟单性木兰、杜英、山玉兰、冬樱花8个绿化树种中,有的树种叶片中Fe、Cu的含量与空气中可吸入颗粒物污染指数间有显著或极显著的正相关性,可做为监测树种;而此8个树种叶片中Mn、Zn的含量与污染指数间的相关性显著。     

论城市交通的合理结构

针对我国城市交通目前面临的问题,借鉴国外城市交通建设发展的经验,阐述了城市交通结构与城市畅通交通的关系,提出了如何结合我国国情对城市交通进行结构调整、合理规划,并逐步形成综合立体城市交通体系的想法.     

马鞍山城市森林景观镶嵌与其城郊分布梯度格局研究

运用景观生态学的原理与方法及3S技术,研究马鞍山市区63.8 km2城市森林景观特点及与其他景观的关系;并沿城市南北纵轴设立样带,采用移动窗口法对6个样区景观要素的景观特征进行计算,分析城市森林斑块在城市中心与城郊间的分布规律.结果表明:该城市的景观要素有各类硬质铺装表面、城市森林、农业用地、水面与一般绿地五大类,分别占67.25%、16.47%、11.9%、3.99%、0.39%;景观多样性指数1.071 28;主要景观要素的优势度排列顺序为硬质表面0.573,城市森林0.472,农田0.122,水面0.114,一般绿地0.029,城市森林已具有较高的环境控制能力.城市森林类型有风景林、庭院林、游憩林、道路林、苗圃及防护林;分别占城市森林面积的40.8%、23.9%、21.5%、7%、3.6%、3.2%;风景林面积最大,斑块数量最少;庭院林斑块数量最多,道路的绿化质量较高.城市森林斑块数达到2 464,最大面积185.1 hm2,平均面积0.43 hm2,大面积的风景林地主要集中在城市西侧;城市森林的景观密度及最小距离指数都反映其具有一定程度聚集分布的特征;而农田在城南与城北近郊具有较高的聚集性;城市森林在城市南北轴向的分布具有明显的变化,其面积比、斑块密度等城区高于近郊;城市北侧的城市森林要优于城市南侧.     

构建福州城市植物多样性绿化对策探讨

从规划绿地空间、保护古榕树、加强风景林地植被抚育、扩大植物种群应用、构建复层植物群落、营造多样的园林景观、考虑民俗文化植物开发、重视表层土保护和控制危害性植物应用等方面,探讨了构建福州城市植物多样性绿化对策,从而为进一步实施保护和重建城市生物多样性提供参考。     

基于SWOT-AHP分析的敦化市老白山森林康养产业发展评价

利用SWOT-AHP分析法,对吉林敦化市老白山森林康养产业进行发展评价。结果表明,其最大优势是多样的地方特产,最大劣势是康养设施的欠缺;最大威胁是巨大的行业竞争压力和资金投入的有限性,最大机遇是国家政策的支持。分析认为,老白山森林康养基地应充分依靠国家政策的支持,吸引相关专业人才,逐步完善康养设施;通过大力发展地方特产,扩大品牌效应,提高经济收入的同时,提高行业竞争力,推动其森林康养产业的发展。